Health Professionals' Motivational Strategies to Enhance Adherence in the Rehabilitation of People with Lower Limb Fractures: Scoping Review.

Patients with lower limb fractures require rehabilitation but often struggle with adherence to interventions. Adding motivational strategies to rehabilitation programs can increase patient adherence and enhance outcomes. This review aims to identify the motivational strategies used by health professionals in the rehabilitation of people with lower limb fractures. We used Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework to structure and conduct this scoping review. The literature search was performed using the Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The final search was conducted in February 2023. A total of 1339 articles were identified. After selecting and analyzing the articles, twelve studies were included in this review. Health professionals use several strategies to motivate patients with lower limb fractures to adhere to rehabilitation programs. These strategies include building a therapeutic alliance, increasing patients' health literacy, setting achievable goals, personalizing the rehabilitation program, managing unpleasant sensations of exercise, using persuasion, providing positive reinforcement, avoiding negative emotional stimulation, and helping to seek support. The motivational strategies identified may help professionals to increase patient adherence to rehabilitation for lower limb fractures. This knowledge will allow these professionals to help patients overcome barriers to rehabilitation, enhance their motivation, and ultimately improve their recovery outcomes.

Nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward older adults.

Nursing students, as the future healthcare workforce, hold immense potential in providing quality care to older adults and becoming advocates for promoting aging and public health, thus contributing significantly to addressing the multifaceted challenges of our aging society. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes about aging affect health care quality. Negative and unattractive representations of the social problems associated with aging contaminate nursing students' attitudes. Nursing schools are challenged to develop new curricula to prepare future nurses for the inherent complexity of an aging society. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students toward older adults and identify the variables that can influence these attitudes. Quantitative research was carried out through the application of an online survey using a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 182 nursing students completed the online survey. Progression in the nursing course was statistically significant; the more students advanced, the more positive attitudes and knowledge they revealed about aging; 39% of students have daily contact with their grandparents; however, only 14.8% would like to work with older adults. Multiple linear regression revealed that the most important factor for positive attitudes and knowledge about aging was regular contact with grandparents, followed by progression in the nursing course. The students' age was not a significant factor in improving attitudes or expanding knowledge regarding older adults. In a multidimensional logic, the deepening of knowledge about aging and the socialization of students with older adults are central factors that should reinforce curricula in nursing education.

Enablers, barriers and strategies to build resilience among cancer survivors: a qualitative study protocol.

Cancer is a life-threatening illness affecting all dimensions of a person's health. Cancer survivors must build resilience to face this adversity and continue their life projects. The present study explores the enablers, barriers, and strategies to build resilience among cancer survivors. This qualitative, descriptive exploratory study will use purposive sampling to recruit cancer survivors and healthcare professionals from two hospital centers in Lisbon and Tagus Valley. Interviews will be conducted until data saturation occurs. Data analysis will be performed using an inductive content analysis process with the help of the QDA Miner Lite database. The findings from this study will generate knowledge that may help stakeholders to identify effective strategies to build resilience among cancer survivors. By implementing strategies to foster resilience, healthcare professionals can potentially promote positive adaptations to cancer by strengthening resilience enablers and reducing the impact of barriers.

Nurses' Motivations, Barriers, and Facilitators to Engage in a Peer Review Process: A Qualitative Study Protocol.

Peer review supports the integrity and quality of scientific publishing. However, although it is a fundamental part of the publishing process, peer review can also be challenging for reviewers, editors, and other stakeholders. The present study aims to explore the nurses' motivations, barriers, and facilitators in engaging in a peer review process. This qualitative, descriptive exploratory study will be developed in partnerships with three research centers. Researchers followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist to ensure the quality of this study protocol. According to the selection criteria, the purposive sampling will be used to recruit nurse researchers that act as peer reviewers for several scientific journals in various fields of knowledge. Interviews will be conducted until data have been sufficiently consistent with meeting the initial objectives. Researchers will develop a guide comprising a set of open-ended questions to collect participants' characteristics, descriptive review behavior, and perceptions regarding their motivations, barriers, and facilitators. Researchers will analyze data using an inductive process of content analysis with the help of the QDA Miner Lite database. Findings from this study will generate knowledge that may help stakeholders identify facilitating factors and barriers and guide the development of strategies to remove or minimize these barriers.

Family Risk Factors That Jeopardize Child Development: Scoping Review.

The obligation to protect children is defined by law. However, there is fragility in identifying actual or potential situations that jeopardize their development. This review aims to identify the family risk factors that jeopardize child development. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence-Based Practice framework and the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research was carried out on the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, and MedicLatina, with a time limit of 2010 to 2021. The search was restricted to documents written in Portuguese, English, and French. A total of 3998 articles were initially identified. After selecting and analysing, 28 risk factors were extracted from 29 articles. Four categories of risk factors were identified-namely, patterns of social and economic interaction, family characteristics, caregiver's characteristics, and parenting. The results of this review allow the identification of family risk factors that jeopardize child development. This is significant for Child Protective Services workers as they carry out their risk assessments. This assessment is the first step in avoiding an accumulation of harm to at-risk children and allowing the development of interventions for minimising harm's impact on children's development.

Nursing interventions that humanise care for patients affected by COVID-19 in isolation units: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: During the global pandemic, the increasing number of hospitalised patients affected by COVID-19 led to a shortage of nurses. This situation can cause nurses to focus their care on managing the acute aspects of the disease, neglecting interventions that can humanise their practices and improve quality of care. This review aims to identify nurses' interventions that can humanise care for patients affected by COVID-19 in isolation units. METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology was used to structure and conduct the review. The literature search was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health, MedicLatina, Sciencedirect, LILACS, and PubMed databases. Researchers performed the final search in January 2021. RESULTS: A total of seven articles were included in this review. Interventions by nursing staff that may humanise care for patients affected by COVID-19 in isolation units fall within two themes: "expressive dimension interventions", related to the establishment of communication with patients and their families, providing psychological comfort, shared decision-making and patient education; and "instrumental dimension interventions", associated with providing patients physical comfort, and symptom management. CONCLUSION: This review provides insight into both "expressive dimension" and "instrumental dimension" of nursing interventions that may humanise care to patients affected by COVID-19 in isolation units. This knowledge will allow nurses to improve their care practices, providing more holistic, humanised care for these patients.

Perceptions and Representations of Senior Nursing Students about the Transition to Professional Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in education systems worldwide. The suspension of face-to-face lectures and clinical placements directly impacted nursing students' learning. This study aimed to identify the perceptions and representations of senior nursing students about the transition to professional life during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study used a web-based survey from a convenience sample of 162 senior nursing students, from nine different nursing schools. Data collection was carried out in the second quarter of 2020. Male students have more negative representations related to training (p = 0.048); working students have a better perspective of professional integration (p = 0.038); students who are in a relationship have a more positive perception of interaction with patients (p = 0.047); those who have already defined a service of choice have less insecurity and less fear of making mistakes (p = 0.043). Those who report anxiety about their first place of work have more negative representations about the future in other professional dimensions. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a frequent concern among students. However, it is a dimension that does not negatively contaminate other representations about the professional future. Overall, students showed concerns regarding their performance in providing direct care to the patient and lived up to their fellow nurses' expectations.

Stigma towards People with Mental Illness among Portuguese Nursing Students.

Stigma is a substantial obstacle when caring for people with mental illness. Nursing students' negative attitudes towards people with mental illness may impact the quality of care delivered and consequentially patient outcomes. In this study, we assessed the stigmatising attitudes and beliefs of nursing students towards people with mental illness and examined its relationship with several psycho-socio-demographic variables. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive correlational study, which was developed with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 110 nursing students. Stigmatising attitudes and beliefs were assessed using the Portuguese version of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27. Results show that the dimensions of stigma with higher scores were help, pity, coercion and avoidance. However, significant differences were only observed depending on the year of study (fourth-year students, who already had clinical placements in this area, are less likely to show stigma), the relationship (family is less prone to show coercion), the history of mental health treatment (students with a history of mental health treatment have more tendency to help) and whether they considered working in the mental health field (students who have considered working in this field are less prone to show anger, avoidance and think of patients as dangerous). Therefore, we conclude that education in a classroom setting alone is not enough to reduce stigma in nursing students, clinical placement in the area is required to achieve such results. It is thus essential to improve nursing curricula worldwide so that students are exposed to both psychiatric nursing theory and clinical practice in the first years of the nursing degree.

Addressing Ageism-Be Active in Aging: Study Protocol.

Ageism refers to stereotyping (how we think), prejudice (how we feel), and discrimination (how we act) against people based on their age. It is a serious public health issue that can negatively impact older people's health and quality of life. The present protocol has several goals: (1) adapt the Ambivalent Ageism Scale for the general Portuguese population and healthcare professionals; (2) assess the factorial invariance of the questionnaire between general population vs. healthcare professionals; (3) evaluate the level of ageism and its predictors in the general population and evaluate the level of ageism and its predictors in healthcare professionals; (4) compare the levels of ageism between groups and the invariance between groups regarding the explanatory model of predictors of ageism. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study will be developed in partnership with several Healthcare Professional Boards/Associations, National Geriatrics and Gerontology Associations, and the Universities of the Third Age Network Association. The web-based survey will be conducted on a convenience sample recruited via various social media and institutional channels. The survey consists of three questionnaires: (1) Demographic data; (2) Ambivalent Ageism Scale; (3) Palmore-Neri and Cachioni questionnaire. The methodology of this study will include translation, pilot testing, semantic adjustment, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and multigroup analysis of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale. Data will be treated using International Business Machines Corporation (IBM®) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Descriptive analysis will be conducted to assess the level of ageism in the study sample. The ageism levels between the two groups will be compared using the t-student test, and two Structural Equation Modeling will be developed to evaluate the predictors of ageism. Assessing ageism is necessary to allow healthcare professionals and policymakers to design and implement strategies to solve or reduce this issue. Findings from this study will generate knowledge relevant to healthcare and medical courses along with anti-ageism education for the Portuguese population.

Needs and expectations of family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care: A study protocol.

Cancer has an associated burden that continues to grow, affecting patients, family caregivers, and the individual's community. The family caregivers' unmet needs may harmfully jeopardize their well-being and the patient's health outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to understand the needs and expectations of family caregivers of cancer patients to develop and improve care practices. The present study aims to explore the needs and expectations of family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care. This qualitative, descriptive exploratory study will use purposive sampling to recruit family caregivers and healthcare professionals from the palliative care units of two hospital centers in Lisbon and Tagus Valley. First, the Focus group will be performed until data saturation occurs. Then, a conventional thematic analysis will be applied to analyze data with the help of the coding software QDA Miner Lite database. This study's findings will help identify gaps in care and provide data that can support healthcare professionals in providing evidence-based centered care to family caregivers. It can also generate knowledge that may help stakeholders to develop a comprehensive support system for cancer survivors in palliative care and their family caregivers.

Fatores que colocam em perigo o desenvolvimento das crianças e jovens referenciados às comissões de proteção / Risk factors for the development of children and young people referred at a commission for the protection / Factores que ponen en peligro el desarrollo de los niños y jóvenes remitidos a la comisión de protección

Resumo Enquadramento: Assistir crianças em situação de risco e/ou perigo exige uma avaliação criteriosa, que conduza a uma decisão sustentada e coerente. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores de risco dos cuidadores que colocam em perigo as crianças e jovens referenciados à Comissão Proteção de Crianças e Jovens (CPCJ). Metodologia: Este estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre outubro e dezembro de 2018 teve como amostra 20 processos de crianças/jovens referenciados a uma CPCJ. A informação recolhida dos processos foi analisada através da técnica de Bardin. Resultados: Como cuidadores surgem os progenitores (54%), sendo a negligência a problemática mais elevada das crianças sinalizadas à CPCJ. Quanto aos fatores de risco, destacam-se as condições financeiras da família; necessidades inerentes ao desenvolvimento da criança e os métodos de disciplina; problemas comunicacionais; problemas de saúde mental e a ausência de suporte da família alargada, seguida dos padrões de relação familiares. Conclusão: Identificaram-se fatores de risco que poderão permitir a construção de um instrumento para uma avaliação concertada e consequente medida adequada às necessidades das famílias.

Abstract Background: Helping children at risk or in danger requires careful assessment to make a sustained and coherent decision. Objectives: To identify caregiver-related risk factors that jeopardize the lives of children and young people referred to a Commission for the Protection of Children and Young People (CPCJ). Methodology: This descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was conducted between October and December 2018 with a sample of 20 case files of children/young people referred to a CPCJ. The information collected from the case files was analyzed using Bardin's technique. Results: The majority of caregivers are the parents (54%). Neglect was the most common problem among the children referred to the CPCJ. The following risk factors were highlighted: the family's financial conditions; needs inherent to the child's development; discipline methods; communication problems; mental health problems; lack of extended family support; and family relationship patterns. Conclusion: Risk factors were identified that could contribute to the development of an instrument for a concerted assessment adjusted to the families' needs.

Resumen Marco contextual: Asistir a los niños en situaciones de riesgo y/o peligro requiere una evaluación cuidadosa, que conduzca a una decisión fundamentada y coherente. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de riesgo de los cuidadores que ponen en peligro a los niños y jóvenes remitidos a la Comisión de Protección de los Niños y los Jóvenes (CPCJ, por sus siglas en portugués). Metodología: Este estudio descriptivo exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo, realizado entre octubre y diciembre de 2018, tuvo como muestra 20 casos de niños/jóvenes remitidos a una CPCJ. La información recogida en los procesos se analizó mediante la técnica de Bardin. Resultados: Como cuidadores surgen los progenitores (54%), y es la falta de cuidado el mayor problema de los niños remitidos a la CPCJ. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo, cabe destacar las condiciones económicas de la familia; las necesidades inherentes al desarrollo del niño y los métodos de disciplina; los problemas de comunicación; los problemas de salud mental y la falta de apoyo de la familia extensa, seguida de los patrones de relación familiares. Conclusión: Se identificaron factores de riesgo que podrían permitir la construcción de un instrumento para una evaluación concertada y la consiguiente medida adecuada a las necesidades de los hogares.